STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACTIVITY OF MIYALUO FAULT AND WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE     

LI Zhen-yue  WAN Yong-ge  SHENG Shu-zhong 《地震地质》2019,41(1):72-83

Under the background of thrusting stress regime, a large number of strike-slip earthquakes occurred on the Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process, which is in the southern part of the Longmenshan Fault. In order to find the cause of their occurrence, stress tensors in subregions near the Miyaluo Fault are estimated. The result shows that in both north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault, the direction of principal compressive stress is nearly perpendicular to the Longmenshan Fault, and its dip is nearly horizontal, and the direction of tensile stress is nearly vertical. While in the Miyaluo fault zone, the direction of principal compressive stress is SWW-NEE, and its dip is nearly horizontal, the direction of principal tensile stress is NNW-SSE, also its dip is nearly horizontal. It is consistent with sinistral shear stress state in the Miyaluo fault zone. It was referred that the behavior of Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process was caused by tearing effect generated from unbalanced forces of two sides of the fault. To understand the rupture mode of the aftershocks in subregions as described above, the total seismic moment tensors are estimated by adding the corresponding component separately of the seismic moment tensor of aftershocks in each region. The result shows the similar trend of total seismic moment tensor components in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault(indicating the consistency of rupture mode in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault), and most seismic moment tensor components in the south side is higher than that in the north side, especially the compression component perpendicular to Longmenshan Fault and expansion component in the vertical direction. It indicates that thrusting component in the southeast direction in the south side is greater than that in the north side, and the thrusting difference causes the sinistral tearing effect of the Miyaluo Fault. We also find that the sinistral tearing component of the Miyaluo Fault is the same order of magnitude with the thrusting difference of its two sides, which indicates that the tearing effect of Miyaluo Fault can be completely explained by thrusting difference of its two sides. According to the analysis, we put forward the dynamic model of the Miyaluo Fault, which can explain the above phenomenon.  相似文献   

Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin,in response to climate change and human activities     

Chaojun Gu  Xingmin Mu  Peng Gao  Guangju Zhao  Wenyi Sun 《水文研究》2019,33(4):585-601

Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day^?1, P12: 12–25 mm·day^?1, P25: 25–50 mm·day^?1, P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day^?1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year^?1) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors (>50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.  相似文献   

车辆行驶振动对古长城影响分析及评价          下载免费PDF全文

杜浩  陈祥  王登科 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1448-1453

交通振动会对周边古建筑产生不利影响,研究振动规律对古建筑的稳定性评价非常重要。为此,利用振动探测仪采集古长城因周边道路车辆行驶引起的振动数据。通过解译振动波形了解场地的振动强度衰减过程及大小,确定振动强度及对长城的影响,以及各因素与振动强度的关系。以国家古建筑允许振动规范对波形解译结果进行评价,为解决此类文明遗址的保护问题提供了技术支撑。分析结果表明:不同路况,振动衰减规律不同,路况较好振动强度衰减迅速;行驶车辆的车速、荷载及行驶道路质量均可影响长城水平振动强度,车速越快、荷载越大、道路质量越差,长城水平振动强度越大;长城不同位置对车辆行驶产生的振动响应不同,长城脚水平振动强度大于长城顶水平振动强度。  相似文献   

2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间空间分布特征     

戴勇  高立新  姚丽  朱培育  格根  王磊 《地震》2019,39(3):106-114

2013年6月16日, 中国大陆西部出现地磁低点位移。 异常出现后一个月内, 位于低点位移分界线附近发生7月22日岷县、 漳县交界6.6级地震。 本文通过采用实测低点时间减去理论低点时间的方法剔除低点时间经度效应, 并以剔除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震震中处于6月16日地磁低点位移分界线上。 对异常期间的中国大陆地区地磁垂直分量日变形态进行统计, 发现其存在显著的分区特征, 低点时间为正的区域内日变化形态基本呈现W型, 低点时间为负的区域内日变化形态主要呈现V字型特征。 低点位移异常日期间, 中国大陆存在显著的高梯度带, 本文采用梯度值定量描述低点时间空间变化程度。 在6月13日正常日期间, 中国大陆地区未出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 在6月16日异常日期间, 出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震位于高梯度区边缘。  相似文献   

2010智利莫尔Mw8.8地震对其破裂区及附近地区地震活动性的影响     

武安绪  陈学忠  李艳娥 《地震》2019,39(1):146-154

强震的发生与地壳中应力增加有关。 库仑破裂应力被用于研究由于某次强震发生所产生的应力变化。 2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震发生之后, 其破裂区以南地区没有发生M≥6.0地震, 而在其以北地区于2015年在智利发生了伊亚佩尔M_W8.3级地震。 在这两个地区地震活动性悬殊。 本文利用库仑破裂应力研究了2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震在这两个地区产生的应力变化。 结果表明, 2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震在其破裂区以北地区产生的应力变化为正值, 有利于断层错动发震, 而在其破裂区以南地区产生的应力变化为负值, 具有抑制断层错动发震的作用。  相似文献   

纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒的湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧效果实验研究     

余萍萍  王敬富  陈敬安  张耀  陈权  卢耀庭 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):65-71

季节性缺氧导致夏季沉积物内源磷强烈释放，加剧水体富营养化，是我国西南地区深水湖泊（水库）面临的重要挑战.有效增加夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面的含氧量，是减少内源磷释放的关键.现有的深水增氧技术由于缺乏对沉积物-水界面增氧的针对性，因此治理效果有限.近年来，纳米气泡已被证实具有的稳定性好、氧传质速率高和环境风险低等优点，为新型深水增氧技术研发提供了巨大潜力.本文以天然矿物材料白云母、绢云母、硅藻土和沸石为基底，负载纳米气泡，研发纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术，开展湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧模拟实验研究，运用平面光电极技术评估其界面增氧效果.结果表明，纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒对沉积物-水界面具有比较明显的增氧效果.其中，改性白云母、绢云母和沸石的界面持续增氧时间可达7天以上，增氧后的界面最大溶解氧（DO）浓度达4.40 mg/L，而改性硅藻土不具有增氧能力.其次，矿物粒度对改性颗粒的增氧效果有一定影响：粒度越细，界面的最大增氧浓度越高，且持续增氧时间越长.纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术有望成为夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面精准增氧和内源污染控制的有效技术手段.  相似文献   

Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile     

Jianbo Wang  Xin Liu  Yi Shen  Qiaoli Kong 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):24-43

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.  相似文献   

Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yanhong Wei  Zhong He  Juying Jiao  Yujin Li  Yixian Chen  Hengkang Zhao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1899-1912

To maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km²·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km²·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P < 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km²·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km²·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西藏日喀则拉堆-乃东与毕定-甲舍拉断裂的活动性分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷生学  李振海  张文朋  陈宇坤  郭巍  谢静博  高也  高锦瑞 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):785-793

综合采用地质地貌调查、探槽开挖及OSL测年等,对离日喀则市最近的拉堆—乃东和毕定—甲舍拉断裂的活动性进行研究,结果表明:拉堆—乃东断裂在距今约3万年前停止了活动,毕定—甲舍拉断裂则至少在5万年前停止了活动,即二者自晚更新世晚期已不再活动——不属于全新世活动断裂,这与部分学者认为拉堆—乃东断裂为全新世活动断裂的结论不同。研究获得的最新断层活动资料可为该地区的地震预测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

大兴安岭西盆地群域构造与地球物理场综述          下载免费PDF全文

王典  李鹏  刘财  鹿琪  单玄龙  田有  于涵  杨宝俊 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):1106-1128

中国东北地区大兴安岭西侧盆地群包括漠河盆地、根河盆地、拉布达林盆地、海拉尔盆地和二连盆地等,蕴藏着丰富的中、新生代油气资源.为研究该盆地群域古生代、中新生代构造演化,综合建立盆地群域地球动力学模型,补充东北亚构造演化理论,本文综述该盆地群域受控的区域构造与深部构造背景、盆地群构造特征与性质、主要控盆断裂特征、盆地群油气条件比较以及盆地群域已完成并取得重要结果的地球物理工作.归纳已有主要认识和研究结果:(1)对大兴安岭西侧的盆地群起构造控制作用的构造带包括蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋缝合带、西拉木伦河缝合带、黑河—贺根山缝合带、塔原—喜桂图缝合带、西太平洋板块俯冲带,以及额尔古纳—呼伦断裂和得尔布干断裂.(2)二连盆地、海拉尔盆地和漠河盆地的盆地构造轴向与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋缝合带走向相关;而且三个盆地内的一级构造单元走向(隆起、坳陷和推覆带)也具有这类特点.(3)几个地学断面的综合地球物理研究表明,大兴安岭西侧盆地群岩石圈地幔厚度自北向南变厚,南部盆地基底与华北地台基底表现类似;盆地群基底电性结构因受到软流圈热物质作用可能在继续演化.(4)在盆地沉积地层方面,漠河盆地的下部是侏罗系陆相煤系地层,上部是白垩系火山岩地层;海拉尔盆地由下侏罗统的铜钵庙组、南屯组,上侏罗统的大磨拐河组和下白垩统的伊敏组共同组成扎赉诺尔群,厚约3000m;二连盆地中生代地层中,中下侏罗统主要为含煤建造,上侏罗统为火山岩建造,下白垩统主要为含油建造和含煤建造,上白垩统为砂砾岩建造.(5)盆地群整体勘探程度较低.基于上述研究结果,需要进一步研究的科学问题包括:由本研究区的地球物理、构造地质、石油地质等多学科的综合研究,解决研究区受控的区域构造应力场所包括的因素及其作用,以及在岩石圈尺度上三维空间的地球物理场表征;深部构造对盆地群域构造的作用;从晚古生代到中新生代研究区构造演化特点及其依据;从北至南约1650km长的盆地群域构造差异与依据;盆地群(域)油气条件与毗邻的松辽盆地在构造成因上的差异.  相似文献